Greco-Roman wrestling is a combat sport which confronts two male competitors who try to gain control over their opponent through the use of throws, locks, and clinching techniques. The holds can only be execuded by means of the upper body, with the ultimate goal of pinning the opponent's shoulders to the mat. If a wrestler manages to do so, victory by "fall" is proclaimed, otherwise, the match pursues until the end of the regular time and the winner is decided according to the technical points scored.The origins of Greco-Roman wrestling should not be sought in ancient times, since the style practised by the Greeks and the Romans was actually similar to freestyle wrestling. This style has its origins in the 19th century and was created by a Napoleon soldier named Exbroyat. He performed in Lyon fairs what he called “flat hand wrestling” to differentiate it from other combat sports where hitting his opponent was allowed. In 1848, he established as a rule, not to execute holds underneath the waist, and forbid holds and painful torsions that could hurt the adversary. “Flat hand wrestling”, also called “French wrestling” developed all throughout Europe and became the most important sport of the 19th century. The person who created the expression “Greco-Roman” was the Italian wrestler Basilio Bartoli, who wanted to underline the interest for Ancient values.
Wrestling was introduced to the programme of the ancient Olympic Games in 708 BC. Greco-Roman wrestling was then the first style registered in the Modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896 and this form of professional entertainment became a first class amateur sport during the 20th century. Wrestling was never absent from the Olympic programme, except during the Games in Paris in 1900
Wrestling at London 2012 will pit competitors against each other in head-to-head displays of power, technique and sheer strength.
Recognised as one of the world’s oldest sports, Wrestling was first held at the ancient Olympics in 708 BC, and was included at the Athens 1896 Games, the first of the modern era. Played out on a circular mat, the sport is a battle of nerves, strength and skill, and should provide plenty of drama at ExCeL during London 2012.
The basics
Wrestling is a body-to-body combat sport, with key variations between the styles.
The aim is to force the back of the opponent’s shoulders on to the ground. Bouts take place on a mat, and can last for a maximum of three periods of two minutes, with a 30-second break in between. A contest can finish early if a wrestler wins the first two periods or pins his opponent.
There are two disciplines of Wrestling at London 2012: Greco-Roman and Freestyle.
Greco-Roman Wrestling featured at the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896. The organisers hoped it would give a flavour of the Ancient Greek Olympic Games, where the sport had been very popular. In Greco-Roman Wrestling, athletes are only allowed to use their arms and upper bodies to attack their opponents’ upper bodies.
Freestyle Wrestling was introduced at the St Louis 1904 Games. In Freestyle Wrestling, competitors may use all parts of their body to attempt moves and holds on all parts of their opponents’ bodies. Wrestlers aim to pin their opponent to the ground, or to score points by throwing their opponent or taking them down.
The rules in women’s Wrestling, which made its first Olympic appearance in 2004, are similar to those used in men’s Freestyle Wrestling, but with some key variations – for example, double head-locks are forbidden.
Olympic Wrestling, past and present
Eight years after Greco-Roman Wrestling was featured at the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896, Freestyle Wrestling was introduced at the St Louis 1904 Games. Women’s Wrestling joined the Olympic programme at Athens in 2004.
At London 2012, the Wrestling competition will be held at ExCeL, a multi-purpose events venue that will also host a number of other Olympic and Paralympic sports.
Jargon buster
Body lock: A hold where a wrestler locks arms around the body of his opponent before taking him to the mat.
Bridge: The arched position adopted by a wrestler to prevent his back from touching the mat.
Pin: To force an opponent's shoulders to the mat.
Takedown: To take an opponent from a standing position to the mat.
http://www.fila-official.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=100181&lang=en
http://www.london2012.com/wrestling
19 March 2012
Boxing
Boxing, also called pugilism, is a combat sport in which two people engage in a contest using only their fists. There are two forms of boxing: amateur and professional. Amateur boxing is an Olympic and Commonwealth sport and is a common fixture in most of the major international games - it also has its own World Championships. Boxing is supervised by a referee over a series of between one to three minute intervals called rounds. The result is decided when an opponent is deemed incapable to continue match by a referee or if an opponent is disqualified for breaking a rule, resigning by throwing in a towel, or by judges' scorecards at the end of the bout.
The birth hour of boxing as a sport may be its acceptance by the ancient Greeks as an Olympic game as early as 688 BC. Modern boxing evolved in Europe, particularly Great Britain and Germany. In 2004, ESPN ranked boxing as the most difficult sport in the world.
There are some boxing styles:
Boxer/out-fighter
Boxer-puncher
Brawler/slugger
Swarmers/in-fighter
Counter puncher
Combinations of styles.
Punches:
Jab – A quick, straight punch thrown with the lead hand from the guard position.
Cross – A powerful, straight punch thrown with the rear hand.
Hook – A semi-circular punch thrown with the lead hand to the side of the opponent's head.
Uppercut – A vertical, rising punch thrown with the rear hand.
Wladimir Klitschko is a Ukrainian heavyweight professional boxer. Klitschko is the WBA (Super), IBF, WBO, IBO & Ring Magazine Heavyweight Champion. His older brother Vitali Klitschko is the current WBC Heavyweight Champion. Klitschko is the longest reigning Heavyweight Champion in history for the IBF, WBO & IBO heavyweight titles, both in measurements of defenses and time & overall the 7th longest reigning heavyweight champion of all time. As of 2011, Boxrec rates Klitschko as the number 2 pound-for-pound in the world. Ring Magazine currently rates Klitschko as the number six pound-for-pound boxer in the world.
Since 2005, Klitschko has been the dominant force in the heavyweight division, defeating a majority of the top heavyweights in the rankings. When Klitschko won the IBF title against Chris Byrd there were four separate heavyweight champions. Since then he has unified the IBF, IBO, WBO & WBA belts and defeated the WBA champion in recess. Following his win over Ruslan Chagaev, Klitschko was awarded the vacant Ring Magazine Heavyweight Title. He works behind a strong left jab and possesses one of the strongest right crosses in boxing. Klitschko is a safety first fighter; however, he tends to methodically break down his opponents over a series of rounds. Emanuel Steward, Klitschko's trainer, has also pointed out that Klitschko's ability to hurt opponents late on in fights (Tony Thompson, Samuel Peter, etc.) is a sign of his power. He has gone on to say that he feels Klitschko is one of the hardest punchers in heavyweight history.
Muhammad Ali is an American former professional boxer philanthropist and social activist. Considered a cultural icon, Ali was both idolized and vilified.
Originally known as Cassius Clay, Ali changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam in 1964, subsequently converting to Sunni Islam in 1975, and more recently practicing Sufism. In 1967, three years after Ali had won the World Heavyweight Championship, he was publicly vilified for his refusal to be conscripted into the U.S. military, based on his religious beliefs and opposition to the Vietnam War.Nicknamed "The Greatest," during his prime Ali fought in what has been described as the most talent rich landscape in heavyweight history, and was involved in several historic boxing matches.Ali had brought beauty and grace to the most uncompromising of sports and through the wonderful excesses of skill and character, he had become the most famous athlete in the world. He was also known for his pre-match hype, where he would "trash talk" opponents, often with rhymes.In 1999, Ali was crowned "Sportsman of the Century" by Sports Illustrated and "Sports Personality of the Century" by the BBC.
The birth hour of boxing as a sport may be its acceptance by the ancient Greeks as an Olympic game as early as 688 BC. Modern boxing evolved in Europe, particularly Great Britain and Germany. In 2004, ESPN ranked boxing as the most difficult sport in the world.
There are some boxing styles:
Boxer/out-fighter
Boxer-puncher
Brawler/slugger
Swarmers/in-fighter
Counter puncher
Combinations of styles.
Punches:
Jab – A quick, straight punch thrown with the lead hand from the guard position.
Cross – A powerful, straight punch thrown with the rear hand.
Hook – A semi-circular punch thrown with the lead hand to the side of the opponent's head.
Uppercut – A vertical, rising punch thrown with the rear hand.
Wladimir Klitschko is a Ukrainian heavyweight professional boxer. Klitschko is the WBA (Super), IBF, WBO, IBO & Ring Magazine Heavyweight Champion. His older brother Vitali Klitschko is the current WBC Heavyweight Champion. Klitschko is the longest reigning Heavyweight Champion in history for the IBF, WBO & IBO heavyweight titles, both in measurements of defenses and time & overall the 7th longest reigning heavyweight champion of all time. As of 2011, Boxrec rates Klitschko as the number 2 pound-for-pound in the world. Ring Magazine currently rates Klitschko as the number six pound-for-pound boxer in the world.
Since 2005, Klitschko has been the dominant force in the heavyweight division, defeating a majority of the top heavyweights in the rankings. When Klitschko won the IBF title against Chris Byrd there were four separate heavyweight champions. Since then he has unified the IBF, IBO, WBO & WBA belts and defeated the WBA champion in recess. Following his win over Ruslan Chagaev, Klitschko was awarded the vacant Ring Magazine Heavyweight Title. He works behind a strong left jab and possesses one of the strongest right crosses in boxing. Klitschko is a safety first fighter; however, he tends to methodically break down his opponents over a series of rounds. Emanuel Steward, Klitschko's trainer, has also pointed out that Klitschko's ability to hurt opponents late on in fights (Tony Thompson, Samuel Peter, etc.) is a sign of his power. He has gone on to say that he feels Klitschko is one of the hardest punchers in heavyweight history.
Muhammad Ali is an American former professional boxer philanthropist and social activist. Considered a cultural icon, Ali was both idolized and vilified.
Originally known as Cassius Clay, Ali changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam in 1964, subsequently converting to Sunni Islam in 1975, and more recently practicing Sufism. In 1967, three years after Ali had won the World Heavyweight Championship, he was publicly vilified for his refusal to be conscripted into the U.S. military, based on his religious beliefs and opposition to the Vietnam War.Nicknamed "The Greatest," during his prime Ali fought in what has been described as the most talent rich landscape in heavyweight history, and was involved in several historic boxing matches.Ali had brought beauty and grace to the most uncompromising of sports and through the wonderful excesses of skill and character, he had become the most famous athlete in the world. He was also known for his pre-match hype, where he would "trash talk" opponents, often with rhymes.In 1999, Ali was crowned "Sportsman of the Century" by Sports Illustrated and "Sports Personality of the Century" by the BBC.
Basketball
Basketball - sports team play with the ball. Basketball is played by two teams, each consisting of five players. The aim of each team - to score the ball with hands in a ring with mesh to prevent the opponent and the other team take the ball and throw it in your basket. Basket is located at a height of 3.05 meters from the floor. From each team on the court is located at 5 people, only 12 people team, the replacement is not limited. A goal of the near and middle distance, scored 2 points, with long distance - 3 points. Free throw is estimated at one point. The standard size of a basketball court 28 feet long and 15 meters in width. Basketball - one of the most popular sports in the world. Basketball is part of the Olympic program since 1936. The inventor of the game James Naismith was there as a guest. Regular FIBA World Championship for men conducted in 1950 among women - in 1953 and European Championships - in 1935.
In Europe, international club competitions are held Euroleague ULEB, European Cup ULEB Cup Challenge.
Competitions in basketball at the 2012 Summer Olympics will be held from July 28 to August 12. Will be raffled off two sets of awards for men and women.
Will be attended by 12 men and 12 women's teams and 12 athletes in each, but the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) would like to participate in the men's tournament, 16 teams, but these plans require the approval of the International Olympic Committee
LeBron Raymone James (born LeBron Raymone James; December 30, 1984, in Akron, Ohio) - American professional basketball player who currently plays for the National Basketball Association team, "Cleveland Cavaliers". Olympic champion in 2008. Playing the small forward position at number 23. March 20, 2005 LeBron scored 56 points, "Toronto Raptors" by setting a personal record of achievement.
Michael Jordan, nicknamed the "terrible", was born in 1963. Michael received his popularity, playing for the "Chicago Bulls". Not once was one of the best basketball players in the world. He has five titles in the category, which includes the best basketball players. Playing for the 'Chicago Bulls' six times brought her victory in the league of the NBA. Since 2000, Michael Jordan is the manager of the basketball team, "Washington Wizards" for which played in 2003.
Michael is one of the few players that a lot of time was voted the best player in the NBA.
Shaquille O Neal
He was born the famous 216-inch center-basketball player, "Phoenix Suns" in 1972, the city of New York, New Jersey. The athlete is recognized as one of the best players in NBA history. O'Neal began his career in the "Los Angeles Lakers." Three years in a row wearing the honorary title of champion of the NBA.
In addition to basketball Shaquille O Neil released several rap albums and starred in such films as "Kazan" (1996) and "Steel" (1997).
Kobe Bryant
Shooting Guard, "Los Angeles Lakers 'Kobe Bryant was born in 1978, the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. For this team is playing with Kobe in 1996, where he and Shaquille O Neal helped the team three times to become the champion of the NBA.
Bryant is a five-time champion of the association and not once been called the most productive NBA basketball player. In addition, the basketball player more than once played for the NBA stars. In 2007 and 2008 received a gold in the championship of America and the Olympics. Among the top five, where the most famous athletes of the decade.
In Europe, international club competitions are held Euroleague ULEB, European Cup ULEB Cup Challenge.
Competitions in basketball at the 2012 Summer Olympics will be held from July 28 to August 12. Will be raffled off two sets of awards for men and women.
Will be attended by 12 men and 12 women's teams and 12 athletes in each, but the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) would like to participate in the men's tournament, 16 teams, but these plans require the approval of the International Olympic Committee
LeBron Raymone James (born LeBron Raymone James; December 30, 1984, in Akron, Ohio) - American professional basketball player who currently plays for the National Basketball Association team, "Cleveland Cavaliers". Olympic champion in 2008. Playing the small forward position at number 23. March 20, 2005 LeBron scored 56 points, "Toronto Raptors" by setting a personal record of achievement.
Michael Jordan, nicknamed the "terrible", was born in 1963. Michael received his popularity, playing for the "Chicago Bulls". Not once was one of the best basketball players in the world. He has five titles in the category, which includes the best basketball players. Playing for the 'Chicago Bulls' six times brought her victory in the league of the NBA. Since 2000, Michael Jordan is the manager of the basketball team, "Washington Wizards" for which played in 2003.
Michael is one of the few players that a lot of time was voted the best player in the NBA.
Shaquille O Neal
He was born the famous 216-inch center-basketball player, "Phoenix Suns" in 1972, the city of New York, New Jersey. The athlete is recognized as one of the best players in NBA history. O'Neal began his career in the "Los Angeles Lakers." Three years in a row wearing the honorary title of champion of the NBA.
In addition to basketball Shaquille O Neil released several rap albums and starred in such films as "Kazan" (1996) and "Steel" (1997).
Kobe Bryant
Shooting Guard, "Los Angeles Lakers 'Kobe Bryant was born in 1978, the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. For this team is playing with Kobe in 1996, where he and Shaquille O Neal helped the team three times to become the champion of the NBA.
Bryant is a five-time champion of the association and not once been called the most productive NBA basketball player. In addition, the basketball player more than once played for the NBA stars. In 2007 and 2008 received a gold in the championship of America and the Olympics. Among the top five, where the most famous athletes of the decade.
21 December 2011
I search data about Christmas(Vlad Berezensky)
At country studies lessons I search some information about Christmas.
In Germany, preparations for Christmas begin before December falls. But the real celebration starts from 6th December. On the night of 5th December (St. Nicholas Eve) children put their shoe or boot outside the door, a tradition practiced in many other European countries.
Christmas in Japan is different from western countries like the USA or Australia. In Japan it is common to give Christmas presents. Within the family parents give presents to their children, but the children do not give presents to the parents. The reasoning behind this is that only Santa bring presents, so once the children no longer believe in Santa the presents are no longer given.
Christmas in El Salvador is the biggest even of celebration. The Christmas parties and gatherings are marvelous with splendid decorations. Christmas in El Salvador is indeed the celebration time. It is enjoyed with cakes and fine dining, which includes wine, champagne as well as an exquisite dinner. It is the time, when people exchange gifts among their near and dear ones. Christmas in El Salvador is cherished by all. The whole country is lit up and people make merry together.
15 December 2011
My December 13 (Max)
December 13
Yesterday wasn`t a really interesting day at school. But at seven o`clock in the afternoon I had a training in combat sambo. It was the only interesting period of that day. On training we learned a lot of different kicks and punches with arms, legs and knees. Also our trainer is very nice man and if you can`t do something he always help you and explain what to do. After that I was really tired and when I came home I eat some fruits and went to the bed.
Yesterday wasn`t a really interesting day at school. But at seven o`clock in the afternoon I had a training in combat sambo. It was the only interesting period of that day. On training we learned a lot of different kicks and punches with arms, legs and knees. Also our trainer is very nice man and if you can`t do something he always help you and explain what to do. After that I was really tired and when I came home I eat some fruits and went to the bed.
My December 13 (Kiril)
December 13
Yesterday I got up, ate my breakfast, washed myself and cleaned my teeth. Then I went to school. After school my dad phoned me and asked to buy some goods for cooking supper. When I came to the supermarket and began buying all the necessary things, but then I saw a monkey. My first thought was: I’m raving, but later I saw the monkey again. It was running through the market, then it jumped on the shoulder and he said: Oh, were have you been Molli? Then I understood the monkey is his pet, I bought all the products and went home
My December 13 (Vlad)
DECEMBER 13
Always at 6 pm I have training of MMA.I went to the bus stop and waited for my bus. It's number is 45 The weather was rainy,the sky was very cloudy. When bus came, I took a sitting place and went to the place were I had training. This is school #26. The bus stoped. I went out and saw my friends. They were ready to workout. I said "Hello!" to all,put on the form and began to train!
Always at 6 pm I have training of MMA.I went to the bus stop and waited for my bus. It's number is 45 The weather was rainy,the sky was very cloudy. When bus came, I took a sitting place and went to the place were I had training. This is school #26. The bus stoped. I went out and saw my friends. They were ready to workout. I said "Hello!" to all,put on the form and began to train!
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